Association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children in a Peruvian social program. A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Introduction: Early childhood caries is still very prevalent, mainly in developing countries, and it is related to the quality of life of children due to early tooth loss.
Objective: The study objective was to determine the association between dental caries and its clinical consequences on nutritional status in children of the “Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk)’’ social program, in Puno City, Peru, during the year 2020.
Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study; the sample consisted of 740 children between 1 and 5 years old who met the selection criteria; the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were evaluated using the PUFA index and the prevalence of caries with def-t; the nutritional status was determined by the weight and height of the child according to protocols (NTS No. 357 - MINSA /2017/ DGIESP); the data were analyzed with the SPSS-v25 program, the association between variables was evaluated with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho test, considering significance at a p-value <0.05.
Results: No significant relationship was found when dental caries was evaluated with the nutritional condition (p<0.05). However, when the def-t index values were related to the nutritional condition of the children, a significant difference was found (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the PUFA index (p>0.05).
Conclusions: There is no association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children aged between 3 and 5 years; however, a significant relationship was found between the values of the def-t index and the nutritional status of the children.
Keywords: Dental caries; Nutritional status; Overweight; Child, preschool; Thinness; Body Mass Index.
References
2. Al Anouti F, Abboud M, Papandreou D, Haidar S, Mahboub N, Rizk R. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. Frontiers in Oral Health. 2021;2. doi: 10.3389/froh.2021.744328.
3. Folayan MO, Arije O, El Tantawi M, Kolawole KA, Obiyan M, Arowolo O, Oziegbe EO. Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2. PMID: 31722683.
4. Sheiham A, Alexander D, Cohen L, Marinho V, Moysés S, Petersen PE, Spencer J, Watt RG, Weyant R. Global oral health inequalities: task group--implementation and delivery of oral health strategies. Adv Dent Res. 2011;23:259–267. doi: 10.1177/0022034511402084. PMID: 21490238.
5. Phantumvanit P, Makino Y, Ogawa H, Rugg-Gunn A, Moynihan P, Petersen PE, Evans W, Feldens CA, Lo E, Khoshnevisan MH, Baez R, Varenne B, Vichayanrat T, Songpaisan Y, Woodward M, Nakornchai S, Ungchusak C. WHO Global Consultation on Public Health Intervention against Early Childhood Caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46(3):280-287. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12362. Epub 2018 Jan 30. PMID: 29380407.
6. Kadhem ZK. Prevalence of odontogenic infections and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in Iraqi preschool children: cross sectional study. Mustansiria Dental Journal. 2018;15:33–40. doi: 10.32828/mdj.v15i1.731.
7. Chen J, Duangthip D, Gao SS, Huang F, Anthonappa R, Oliveira BH, Turton B, Durward C, El Tantawi M, Attia D, et al. Oral Health Policies to Tackle the Burden of Early Childhood Caries: A Review of 14 Countries/Regions. Frontiers in Oral Health. 2021;2. doi: 10.3389/froh.2021.670154.
8. Huang C, Zhu K, Feng Y, Lian L, Zhu H, Hu J. Related Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries in Zhejiang Province, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 2022;10. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.879955. PMID: 36249211.
9. MINSA. Guía de Práctica Clinica para la Prevención, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Caries Dental en Niñas y Niñas. 2017;40.
10. Castillo JL, Palma C, Cabrera-Matta A. Early Childhood Caries in Peru. Front Public Health. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2019.
11. Singhal DK, Singla N. Severity and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries using PUFA index among schoolchildren in Udupi Taluk, India. J Orofac Sci. 2018;10:19–23. doi: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_62_17.
12. Pesaressi E, Villena RS, Frencken JE. Dental caries and oral health-related quality of life of 3-year-olds living in Lima, Peru. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30:57–65. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12582. PMID: 31594032.
13. BaniHani A, Deery C, Toumba J, Munyombwe T, Duggal M. The impact of dental caries and its treatment by conventional or biological approaches on the oral health-related quality of life of children and carers. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018;28:266–276. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12350. PMID: 29288546.
14. Freire M do CM, Corrêa-Faria P, Costa LR. Effect of dental pain and caries on the quality of life of Brazilian preschool children. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000093. PMID: 29641655.
15. Shmueli A, Moskovitz M, Halperson E, Ram D, Fux-Noy A. Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Early Childhood Caries in Israel. Front Public Health. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2019.
16. Monse B, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Benzian H, Holmgren C, Van Palenstein Helderman W. PUFA - An index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38:77–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00514.x. PMID: 20002630.
17. Rahman N, Walls A. Chapter 12: Nutrient deficiencies and oral health. Monogr Oral Sci. S. Karger AG; 2019. p. 114–124.
18. Olatosi OO, Alade AA, Naicker T, Busch T, Oyapero A, Li M, Pape J, Olotu J, Awotoye W, Hassan M, Adeleke C, Adeyemo WL, Shaffer J, Marazita ML, Butali A. Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2022;7(2):154-162. doi: 10.1177/23800844211002108. Epub 2021 Mar 25. PMID: 33764218; PMCID: PMC8928415.
19. Wang X, Ma Z, Lei M, Zhao C, Lin X, Cao F and Shi H (2022) Association between early childhood caries and diet quality among Chinese children aged 2–5 years. Front. Public Health 10:974419. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.974419
20. Habib Benzian, Monse B, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Hobdell M, Mulder J, Van W, Helderman P. Untreated severe dental decay: a neglected determinant of low Body Mass Index in 12-year-old Filipino children. BMC Public Health. 2011.
21. Sheiham A. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. Br Dent J. 2006. p. 625–626.
22. Rego IN, Cohen-Carneiro F, Vettore MV, Herkrath FJ, Herkrath APC de Q, Rebelo MAB. The association between nutritional status and dental caries in low-income children: A multilevel analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30:607–618. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12637. Cited: in: PMID: 32115793.
23. Chandrashekar J, Bobby A. Association of Undernutrition and Early Childhood Dental Caries. Indian Pediatr. 2018;15:683-685.
24. World Health Organization. Organization WH. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 2013.
25. Ndekero TS, Carneiro LC, Masumo RM. Prevalence of early childhood caries, risk factors and nutritional status among 3-5-yearold preschool children in Kisarawe, Tanzania. PLoS One. 2021;16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247240. Cited: in: PMID: 33630949.
26. Shaghaghian S, Abolvardi M, Akhlaghian M. Factors Affecting Dental Caries of Preschool Children in Shiraz. J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci. 2018;19:100–108.
27. Kragt L, Elfrink MEC, Bertens LCM, Jaddoe VW V, Moll HA, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB. Social inequalities and dental caries in six-year-old children from the Netherlands. J Dent [Internet]. 2017;jul:18–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.04.008Get.
28. INEI. Perfil de la pobreza en el Perú. Inei.gob.pe. 2017.
29. Gudipaneni RK, Patil SR, Ganji K, Yadiki JV, Assiry A, Alam MK. Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries among primary school children: A cross-sectional study. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2020;20. doi: 10.1590/pboci.2020.026.
30. Kariya PB, Singh S. Correlation between Nutritional Status and Dental Caries in 3–18-year-old Indian School-going Children: A Cross-sectional Study. World Journal of Dentistry. 2022;13:S189–S193. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2136.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. © 2024.
