Estado de Salud Oral de niños y adolescentes con Discapacidad Intelectual en una población chilena, 2012.
Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar el estado de salud oral de niños y adolescentes con Discapacidad Intelectual (DI) de establecimientos educacionales municipales, Valdivia, Chile, 2012.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo. Se evaluó una muestra de estudiantes de establecimientos educacionales municipales acerca de historia de caries (dientes permanentes Cariados, Obturados, Perdidos (COPD)/ dientes temporales cariados, extraídos, obturados (ceod)), calidad de higiene (Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado, IHO-S) y estado gingival (Índice Gingival, IG). Además, se interrogó acerca de hábitos de higiene, grado de discapacidad intelectual, presencia de enfermedades sistémicas y consumo de medicamentos.Resultados: Se evaluaron 195 estudiantes de 6-21 años (promedio 13 años) con DI leve a moderada. El COPD/ceod promedio fue de 2.19/1.33 para mujeres y de 1.59/1.93 para hombres. El IHO-S en el 75.9% de los participantes fue regular, encontrándose peor higiene oral en participantes con DI moderada. Sólo un 2.6% presentó código 0 para el IG, reflejando pobre higiene oral. La mayoría de los participantes poseía cepillo de dientes propio (88.2%) y se cepillaban sin ayuda (96.4%).Conclusión: El estado de salud oral de la población evaluada es deficiente. La calidad de higiene oral es regular o mala, lo que conlleva un pobre estado de salud gingival.
Palabras claves: Discapacidad Intelectual, Índice COP, Índice de Higiene Oral, Índice Periodontal, Chile.
Aim: To determine the oral health status of intellectually disabled (ID) children and adolescents from state schools, Valdivia, Chile, 2012.Design: Descriptive study. A sample of students from state schools was assessed for caries history (Decayed, Missing, Filled permanent Teeth (DMFT)/decayed, extracted, filled temporal teeth (deft)), quality of oral hygiene (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, OHI-S) and gingival health (Gingival Index, GI). In addition, questions were asked about dental care habits, degree of ID, presence of systemic disease and medicine use. Results: 195 students with slight to moderate ID and aged from 6 to 21 years were assessed. The average DMFT/deft was 2.19/1.33 for female students and 1.59/1.93 for male students. The OHI-S in 75.9% of participants was moderate, with poorer oral hygiene found in participants with moderate ID. Only 2.6% showed code 0 for GI, reflecting poor oral hygiene. Most participants possessed their own toothbrush (88.2%) and could clean their teeth unaided (96.4%).Conclusion: The state of oral health in the assessed population is deficient. The quality of oral hygiene is normal or poor, which leads to poor gingival health.
Key Words: “Intellectual Disability”[MeSH]; “DMF Index” [MeSH]; “Oral Hygiene Index” [MeSH]; “Periodontal Index” [MeSH]; Chile.
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