Evaluation of the Stability of Achieved Vertical Tooth Movement with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Introduction: Skeletal anchorage is an effective and predictable complement during fixed orthodontic treatment since it allows tooth movements on the three dimensions. This study aims to evaluate the stability of vertical tooth movements using skeletal anchorage after six months of the retention stage.
Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Lilacs databases from January 2012 to May 2023. All the articles were selected by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the randomized clinical trials was evaluated using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool.
Results: Five articles were obtained, all studies with a prospective design. A total of 114 patients was obtained, ranging in age between 21 and 41 years. The minimum follow-up time was 5 months, and the maximum 24 months. All studies showed significant changes when performing vertical tooth movements using skeletal anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Millimetric recurrences were observed between 6 and 36 months in the retention stage with no clinically significant differences. Four studies were classified as moderate in the overall risk of bias assessment, while one was classified as serious. In conclusion, the movements of tooth intrusion with skeletal anchorage in the maxilla cause significant changes during treatment. Meanwhile, when evaluating the stability of the intrusion movements, millimetric changes are observed with no statistical differences.
Conclusions: Studies with greater methodological rigor are needed, which follow up with three-dimensional imaging of tooth movement and which, in addition, assess the amount of force and its association with the amount of recurrence in the vertical movement.
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