Relationship between Periodontal Disease with Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study (A Path Analysis)
Abstract
Objetive: The study aimed to assess the influence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy and identify potential risk factors associated with low birth weight.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy. The final sample included 275 women. The severity of gingivitis, plaque, calculus, and attachment loss around 6 Ramfjord teeth were examined. After the estimated delivery time, we conducted a follow-up by phone to inquire about the delivery outcome and the baby’s birth weight. Logistic regression and path analysis served to find the relationship between variables and low birth weight.
Results: About 190 cases in all 275 were in the range of 25-34. There was a significant relationship between low birth weight and calcium supplementation, gestational age of 37-42 weeks, gestational hypertension, asthma during the pregnancy, severe attachment loss, severe calculus in Ramfjord’s teeth, and severe bleeding on probing (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between low birth weight and the mother’s weights of less than 60 kg (adjusted odds ratio=4.66), calcium supplementation (adjusted odds ratio=3.00), gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratio=0.16), lining bleeding on probing (adjusted odds ratio=8.57), maximum bleeding on probing (adjusted odds ratio=29.56; p-value<0.05). Maternal education, gestational age, and maternal diabetes directly affect low birth weight. In contrast, maternal age, lack of folic acid and calcium supplementation, gestational hypertension, regular brushing, and attachment loss indirectly affected the conceptual model analysis (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: The majority of edentulous patients both before and after prosthodon after prosthodontic rehabilitation.
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